Metaspriggina

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Earliest known fish: 505 million years

Not only are these 505-million-year-old fossils from Canada the oldest-known fish fossil — they contain incredible detail of the animal's facial features.

The discovery of Metaspriggina, published in Nature in 2014, was remarkable because early fish fossils from the Cambrian period are very rare and poorly preserved.

But these beautiful fossils have well defined camera-like eyes and nasal structures, and a series of exceptionally well-preserved arches near the front of its body, which are early evidence of jaws.